Bijo Mathew*, Simone Carradori*, Paolo Guglielmi, Md. Sahab Uddin and Hoon Kim Pages 266 - 283 ( 18 )
A large plethora of drugs and promising lead compounds contain halogens in their structures. The introduction of such moieties strongly modulates their physical-chemical features as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. The most important outcome was shown to be the ability of these halogens to favourably influence the drug-target interaction and energetic stability within the active site by the establishment of halogen bonds. This review attempted to demonstrate the key role exerted by these versatile moieties when correctly located in an organic scaffold to display Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibition and selectivity towards the B isoform of this important enzyme. Human MAOs are well-recognized as therapeutic targets for mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases and medicinal chemists were prompted to discover the structural requirements crucial to discriminate the slight differences between the active sits of the two isoforms (MAO-A and MAOB). The analysis of the structure-activity relationships of the most important scaffolds (hydrazothiazoles, coumarins, chromones, chalcones, pyrazolines) and the impact of halogen (F, Cl, Br and I) insertion on this biological activity and isozyme selectivity have been reported being a source of inspiration for the medicinal chemists.
Monoamine oxidase B, inhibitors, halogen, coumarin, chromone, thiazole, chalcone.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922