Swathi Putta, Nagendra Sastry Yarla, Eswar Kumar K., Dhananjaya Bhadrapura Lakkappa, Mohammad A. Kamal, Luciana Scotti, Marcus T. Scotti, Ghulam Md. Ashraf, B. Sasi Bhusana Rao, Sarala Kumari D., Gorla V. Reddy, Vadim V. Tarasov, Sarat Babu Imandi and Gjumrakch Aliev* Pages 5347 - 5371 ( 25 )
Diet is an essential factor affecting the development of and risk for diabetes mellitus. In search of preventative and therapeutic strategies, the potential role of certain foods and their bioactive compounds to prevent the pathogenesis associated with metabolic diseases is to be considered. Human consumption of anthocyanins is among the highest of all flavonoids. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the consumption of anthocyanins lowers the risk of diabetes and diabetic complications. Anthocyanins are important natural bioactive pigments responsible for red to blue colour of fruits, leaves, seeds, stems and flowers, which are present in a variety of plant species particularly in berries and cherries. A large number of bioactive anthocyanins, such as cyanidin, malvidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin and their metabolites have shown multiple biological activities with apparent effects on glucose absorption, glucose uptake, insulin secretion and sensitivity, on the enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, gene expressions, inflammatory mediators, glucose transporters in progression of diabetes and associated complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and diabetic vascular diseases. The versatility of the anthocyanins provides a promising approach for diabetes management than synthetic drugs. Here we summarize the effect of several anthocyanins on many in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies and also reveal the mechanisms which could prevent or reverse the underlying mechanisms of diabetic pathologies including promotion of antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
Anthocyanins, diabetes mellitus, glucose, complications, diet, preventative and therapeutic strategies.
Pharmacology division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam- 530003, Andhra Pradesh, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam-530045, A.P, Pharmacology division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam- 530003, Andhra Pradesh, Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Ramanagara-562 112, Karnataka, Metabolomics & Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu- 515 003(A.P), Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu- 515 003(A.P), Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical Faculty, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam-530045, A.P., Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical Faculty, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow